{"id":19793,"date":"2023-03-06T09:32:21","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T14:32:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meadowsfarms.com\/great-big-greenhouse-gardening-blog\/?p=19793"},"modified":"2023-03-06T09:32:21","modified_gmt":"2023-03-06T14:32:21","slug":"garden-terms-you-need-to-know-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meadowsfarms.com\/great-big-greenhouse-gardening-blog\/garden-terms-you-need-to-know-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Garden Terms You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"
Annual<\/strong><\/em>\u2014An annual is a plant that grows and blooms in one season, then dies with the frost. Yes, you\u2019ll have to plant it again next year\u2014but it makes up for it by usually blooming the entire summer, all the way to frost.<\/p>\n Acidic<\/strong><\/em>\u2014When applied to soil, the soil has a pH between 0 and 7. This is important because some plants (azaleas, rhododendrons, etc.) prefer acidic soil. Soil pH can also determine the color of the flowers of certain hydrangeas.<\/p>\n Alkaline<\/strong><\/em>\u2014When \u201calkaline\u201d applies to the soil, the soil has a pH between 7 and 14. Most plants prefer \u201cneutral\u201d soil (pH of 7). Lilacs, clematis, and a few other plants prefer slightly alkaline soil.<\/p>\n Beneficial Insect<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Insects that keep down other insects by eating their eggs or larvae or the insect itself\u2014or insects that pollinate\u2014bees, butterflies, ladybugs, hoverflies, praying mantises, and dragonflies. If we plant things that the beneficial insects like, they\u2019ll hang around and help take care of the bad guys for us. We should also plant things to attract the beneficial insects that pollinate.<\/p>\n Biennial<\/strong><\/em>\u2014A biennial is a plant that goes through its life cycle in two years. They usually grow the first year, bloom, and set seed the second. It often dies or deteriorates at the end of the second year. Many biennials will reseed. Hollyhocks, Sweet William, and pansies are biennials.<\/p>\n Bolting<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Bolting is when a plant goes straight to blooming and dying\u2014usually because it\u2019s too warm. Many cool-season veggies are known for this\u2014broccoli, cabbage, kale, spinach, etc. don\u2019t like warm weather, so as it gets warmer in the spring, they will suddenly produce a flower spike and stop growing.<\/p>\n Botanical name<\/strong><\/em>\u2014This is the \u201cofficial\u201d name of the plant\u2014the \u201cscientific\u201d or Latin name\u2014Ficus, for example. There are many different cultivars of Ficus\u2014benjamina, elastica, lyrata\u2014the \u201ccommon\u201d names for the above are Weeping Fig, Rubber Tree, and Fiddleleaf Fig. When looking for a specific plant, it can help us to have the \u201cLatin\u201d or Botanical name as common names can vary from region to region.<\/p>\n Cool Season Plant<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Sometimes called Cole Crops (although this is correctly applied only to cabbage family members). A cool-season plant grows well during cooler weather. Many cool-season vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower, kale, cabbage, spinach, turnips, beets, and lettuce. Hot weather often makes them \u201cbolt\u201d or go to seed and die. There are also cool-season annuals\u2014flowers that bloom best in spring and fall rather than in the heat of summer.<\/p>\n Deadheading<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Deadheading is simply removing flowers once they have begun to deteriorate. Many plants\u2014particularly annuals\u2014will bloom again if you remove dead blossoms.<\/p>\n Deciduous<\/strong><\/em>\u2014A deciduous plant drops its leaves in the fall and grows again in the spring\u2014maple trees, oaks, willows, lilacs, etc., are all deciduous. Evergreen is a plant that does not lose its leaves all at once; rather, it loses a few here and there over the year.<\/p>\n Determinate\/Indeterminate<\/strong><\/em>\u2014These terms refer to tomatoes. A tomato that grows to a certain height\u2014usually two to four feet, then blooms is Determinate. It\u2019s commonly referred to as a \u201cbush\u201d tomato. They produce a big crop all at once, which is particularly good for canning. They do NOT produce all summer, however. An Indeterminate tomato will grow and produce all summer\u2014most tomatoes are Indeterminate. Indeterminate tomatoes can get 8 feet or taller.<\/p>\n Ephemeral<\/strong><\/em>\u2014An Ephemeral is a short-lived perennial that dies soon after blooming\u2014Virginia Bluebells, Bleeding Hearts, Rue Anemones, etc.<\/p>\n Evergreen<\/strong><\/em>\u2014A plant that retains most leaves (or needles), only shedding a few at a time\u2014after the next season\u2019s leaves form. Most azaleas, spruces, pines, etc., are evergreens.<\/p>\n Exposure<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Full Sun, Part-Sun, Shade<\/p>\n First Frost Date<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Many seed packages will tell you to plant by your first or last frost date. So when is that? Our FIRST expected frost date here in the Richmond area is October 22nd. That does not mean that we won\u2019t get a frost before that. It simply means that we usually don\u2019t get a frost before that. To be safe, I check the weather report every night starting October 1st.<\/p>\n Hardening off<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Hardening off refers to gradually getting indoor plants or tender new seedlings used to being outdoors. If you put new seedlings that have been started indoors outside in direct all-day sun, you\u2019ll burn them. Same with an indoor plant. Start them out under a tree in the dappled sun before moving to full sun, for example. As they\u2019re gradually getting used to the outdoor environment, check on night temperatures and bring them in at night, if necessary.<\/p>\n Last Frost Date<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Our last expected frost date here is April 15th. Take this one with a grain of salt, however! (Remember this past May? I don\u2019t usually put tender plants outside until the first of May. However, the last couple of years, our weather has been so wonky I kept them in pots a little longer so I could bring them in, if necessary\u2014and I\u2019m glad I did! We had a frost around May 3!)<\/p>\n Native<\/strong><\/em>\u2014A native is a plant that has evolved in a specific environment without human intervention. A \u201cnaturalized\u201d plant was introduced by humans but has adapted quickly to its new environment\u2014dandelions, Japanese honeysuckle, and wild violets, for example. Many of the plants we grow are NOT native but introduced\u2014Tiger Lilies, Bearded Iris, Geraniums, and many others\u2014even our lawn grasses are not native\u2014fall fescues are native to Europe. Bermuda grass is native to South Africa.<\/p>\n NPK<\/strong><\/em>\u2014NPK stands for Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium\u2014all necessary nutrients for plants to grow. These are the three numbers on fertilizer bags (10-10-10 etc.). Nitrogen promotes foliage growth; Phosphorus promotes blooming and root development; Potassium is necessary for overall vigor. When you\u2019re fertilizing, use the correct formulation for your plant. If in doubt, ask us!<\/p>\n Perennial<\/strong><\/em>\u2014A perennial is a plant that dies down to the ground in the winter and then grows and blooms again the following year. Most do not bloom all summer, however, but have a set blooming time of a few weeks.<\/p>\n Top Dress<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Adding a thin layer of compost, manure, etc., to existing lawns or garden beds to improve soil quality without digging up what\u2019s already there. The key word here is \u201cthin.\u201d<\/p>\n USDA Hardiness Zone<\/strong><\/em>\u2014The USDA has divided different regions into \u201czones\u201d based on their average minimum winter temperature. It\u2019s essential to know the hardiness zone for your area when choosing outdoor trees and shrubs. Zones range from zone 1 (the coldest) to zone 13 (at or near the equator). We are winter-hardiness zone 7 here in Virginia. It\u2019s important to note that a plant hardy to zone 7 may still suffer damage if we have an unusually cold winter.<\/p>\n Vernalization<\/strong><\/em>\u2014Some living things must go through a cold period before growing and blooming. Most spring-blooming bulbs, for example, will only bloom if they have gone through winter first.<\/p>\n If you have any questions about soil, plant, seed, bulb selection, or other gardening questions, stop by the Great Big Greenhouse for expert advice. We’re here to ensure you have a garden you love and are proud of.<\/p>\n To read more posts from Bonnie, visit our blog<\/a><\/p>\n Return to the Great Big Greenhouse homepage<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Annual\u2014An annual is a plant that grows and blooms in one season, then dies with the frost. Yes, you\u2019ll have to plant it again next year\u2014but it makes up for it by usually blooming the entire summer, all the way to frost. Acidic\u2014When applied to soil, the soil has a pH between 0 and 7. … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":19796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\n
All Your Questions Answered<\/h3>\n